Lesson 2

 

ADVERBS: ALREADY, NO LONGER, YET, ANYMORE, ANY LONGER, STILL

 

�Ըա����ӡ��������ɳ� (Adverbs) �ѧ������մѧ���仹��

Already �����Ƕ֧�˵ء�ó����Դ��鹡�͹˹�ҹ��������������ҹ�ҹ�� �ѡ��㹻���¤�Ӷ����л���¤�͡���� ������ҧ��

          I�ve already told you about my plans.

          The package is already here for you.

          Have your friends already left?

Still �����Ƕ֧�˵ء�ó����ѧ���Դ����������ҧ������ͧ �ѡ���ҧ����ҧ����¤�Դ�Ѻ����� ����ö������㹻���¤�Ӷ�� ����¤�͡������л���¤����ʸ ������ҧ��

          The applicant for this job still hasn�t sent us his resume.

          It was raining heavily yesterday, and it�s still raining today.

          Is the taxi still waiting for us outside?

Yet �����Ƕ֧���Ͷ���֧�˵ء�ó���������Դ��鹡�͹˹�ҹ�� ���Ҩ���Դ������͹Ҥ� �ѡ���ҧ�����»���¤�Ӷ����л���¤����ʸ������ҧ��

          Is my car ready yet? I need to use it today.

          Robert hasn�t arrived yet. Do you think we should wait for him?

Anymore, any longer ��� no longer������������դ�����������˵ء�ó���� ����繤�����ԧ�ա��������ѡ�����ѧ���

          Anymore ��� any longer ��㹻���¤�Ӷ����л���¤����ʸ �ѡ���ҧ�����»���¤ ��

          Do they go to work together anymore/any longer?

          The students don�t have to line up for attendance anymore/any longer.

          No longer ��㹻���¤�͡���� �ѡ���ҧ�����ҧ����¤���ѹ�Ѻ����� ��

          My neighbor no longer lives here. She has found a new apartment.

          I�m so glad that my dad no longer smokes.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: INDEFINITE PAST

 

�Ըա���� Present Perfect Tense �������������Ẻ���¡ѹ ���ҧ��������㹺���͹˹����������Ƕ֧�˵ء�ó����Դ��鹵����ʹյ�֧�Ѩ�غѹ 㹺����С���Ƕ֧�ա����ͧ�ͧʹյ����繪�ǧ���ҷ�����੾����Ш� (indefinite past) �ѡ�������Ƕ֧���ʺ��ó������˵ء�ó�������Һ��Ѵ���������Դ��鹵������������ʹյ ������ҧ��

          I have never been to Europe.

          My family has spent a lot of time working in the garden.

          We�ve already seen this movie twice. Let�s watch something else.

          Hasn�t Matthew decided what to do with his reward yet?

�ѧࡵ��Ҷ֧�����դ������¤���¡Ѻ Past Simple �ç�������˵ء�ó�������Դ����ʹյ ��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ�ç������ Past Simple ��鹨������Ƕ֧�˵ء�ó��診ŧ�ʹյ 㹢�з�� Present Perfect ����������˵ء�ó�ѧ������ѧ���Դ������������ѧ�ռŵ�����ͧ�֧�Ѩ�غѹ����

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS: SO AND OR

 

So ��� or �繤��ѹ�ҹ���ͤ����������¤�����ʴ���������ѹ����Ф�����������ͧ�ͧ�ͧ�˵ء�ó� ����ѡ�������

So �����������¤����դ������˵��繼ū�觡ѹ��Сѹ �� so ��鹨й�˹�һ���¤���͡���Ѿ��ͧ�˵ء�ó��á ������ҧ��

          I don�t have any money with me, so I�ll have to find an ATM.

          My dad�s computer is broken, sohe sent it to a technician.

Or �����������¤�����ʴ�������͡����դ����Ӥѭ���� �ѹ ������ҧ��

          We can go to the mall for some shopping, or we can just stay home.

          You can pay for this item by credit card, or you can pay cash for it.

Grammar Exercises Lesson 2

Make a sentence about the dialog. Use the word in brackets.

Example:        Oliver: My brother is a high school student now.

                   Max:    He was also a high school student last year.

                   Oliver�s brother is still a college student.        (still)

1.       Dominic: When did you finish your degree?

Nadia: I won�t be able to finish it until I�ve submitted my final report.

Nadia ____________________________________. (yet)

2.       Gabriel: Do you know where I can find Mr. Bricks?

Reception: I�m sorry, sir. But Mr. Brick has been transferred to another office.

a.       Mr. Bricks _________________________________. (no longer)

b.       Mr. Bricks _________________________________. (any longer)

3.       Nate: Are you currently looking for a new place?

Evan:   No, I found one last week and I�m planning to move in next Friday.

Evan ________________________________________. (already)

4.       Monica: Does your mom work in the airline business?

Steven: She did until two weeks ago.

Steven�s mom _________________________________. (anymore)

5.       Carlos: Maria wants to be a doctor.

Violet: Her sister is a doctor now.

a.       Maria _____________________________________. (yet)

b.       Her sister __________________________________. (already)

 

Ask and answer questions about the things you�ve done (or haven�t done) today or this week. Use how many in your questions.

Example:        classes/have

                   How many classes have you had today?

                   I�ve had two classes today.

1.       flowers/sell

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

2.       phone calls/receive

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

3.       computers/fix

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

4.       movies/watch

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

5.       packages/deliver

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Combine the two sentences. Choose between so to express the result and or to express a choice. Use the clues given in brackets.

 

1.       Helen and Blake have work tonight. They won�t be joining us for dinner. (so)

___________________________________________________________

2.       We can listen to the music. We can play the music ourselves. (or)

___________________________________________________________

3.       You may pick up the package today. You may pick it up tomorrow. (or)

___________________________________________________________

4.       I�ve lost my credit card. I need to call the bank and deactivate the card. (so)

___________________________________________________________

5.       Can you sign the document now? Do you want to do it later? (or)

___________________________________________________________

6.       Jim and I can reserve a table for us now. We can just walk in. (or)

___________________________________________________________

Answer Keys Lesson 2

 

Make a sentence about the dialog. Use the word in brackets.

Example:        Oliver:  My brother is a high school student now.

                   Max:    He was also a high school student last year.

                   Oliver�s brother is still a college student.        (still)

1.       Dominic: When did you finish your degree?

Nadia:      I won�t be able to finish it until I�ve submitted my final report.

Nadia hasn�t finished her degree yet. (yet)

2.       Gabriel: Do you know where I can find Mr. Bricks?

Reception: I�m sorry, sir. But Mr. Brick has been transferred to another office.

a.       Mr. Bricks no longer works in the office. (no longer)

b.       Mr. Bricks doesn�t work in the office any longer. (any longer)

3.       Nate: Are you currently looking for a new place?

Evan: No, I found one last week and I�m planning to move in next Friday.

Evan has found a new place already. (already)

4.       Monica: Does your mom work in the airline business?

Steven: She did until two weeks ago.

Steven�s mom doesn�t work in the airline business anymore.(anymore)

5.       Carlos: Maria wants to be a doctor.

Violet: Her sister is a doctor now.

a.       Maria is not a doctor yet. (yet)

b.       Her sisteris already a doctor. (already)

Ask and answer questions about the things you�ve done (or haven�t done) today or this week. Use �how many� in your questions.

Example:        classes/have

                   A: How many classes have you had today?

                   B: I�ve had two classes today.

Suggested answers:

1.       flowers/sell

A: How many flowers have you sold today?

B: I�ve sold 50 flowers and 20 bouquets.

2.       phone calls/receive

A: How many phone calls have you received today?

B: I�ve received 15 phone calls today.

3.       computers/fix

A: How many computers have you fixed this week?

B: I�ve fixed 10 computers this week.

4.       movies/watch

A: How many movies have you watched today?

B: I�ve watched 5 movies today.

5.       packages/deliver

A: How many packages have you delivered this week?

B: I�ve delivered 45 packages this week.

Combine the two sentences. Choose between so to express the result and or to express a choice. Use the clues given in brackets.

1.       Helen and Blake have work tonight. They won�t be joining us for dinner. (so)

Helen and Blake have work tonight, so they won�t be joining us for dinner.

2.       We can listen to the music. We can play the music ourselves. (or)

We can listen to the music, or we can play the music ourselves.

3.       You may pick up the package today. You may pick it up tomorrow. (or)

You may pick up the package today, or you may pick it up tomorrow.

4.       I�ve lost my credit card. I need to call the bank and deactivate the card. (so)

I�ve lost my credit card, so I need to call the bank and deactivate the card.

5.       Can you sign the document now? Do you want to do it later? (or)

Can you sign the document now, or do you want to do it later?

6.       Jim and I can reserve a table for us now. We can just walk in. (or)

Jim and I can reserve a table for us now, or we can just walk in.